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海外論文:The Effect of EM1 on Banana, Mango and Grapes.
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    The Effect of EM1 on Banana, Mango and Grapes.
    http://www.infrc.or.jp/english/KNF_Data_Base_Web/7th_Conf_S_1P_10.html
    Dr Riad. M
    Dr Belatus. EL


    Abstract
    In Egypt, we have obtained excellent results using EM with banana c.v. “Grand Nain” from invitro, mango and grapes during nursery period. The experiment was conducted to investigate the EM effect, rate, and method of application. Statistically significant differences were found between the mean increase in different banana plant parameters at 5%. Using EM as weekly plant and soil application (EMPS), EM compost as monthly soil application (MEC), plus reducing the tested rate of chemical fertilizers (TRCF) to 50%, generally gave the most vigorous plants. In general, treating the plants with (EMPS) plus 60gr/plant (EMC) surpassed all the treatments. While using (EMPS) plus 80gr/plant (EMC) have significantly shown less influence on increasing the plant vigor. Similar trend was observed concerning plant leaf number and leaf area. EM has a pronounced effect on the root function. EM improved roots CEC significantly. The influence of EM was significantly pronounced on shoot and root dry weight. While the largest dry weight for shoots and roots were obtained when EM was used in combination with 50% of (TRCF). On the other hand, using EM plus (TRCF) gave less dry weights. Moreover, EM improved soil chemical properties (EC, O.C, O.M, TN, TP and CEC) and differences among the treatments were clearly observed. EM suppressed percentages of Fusarium Oxisporm. Therefore, EM improved banana growth, shortened the nursery period and maintained healthy plants. 

    Mango variety (Indian) which is grafted on seedy variety and planted in plastic bags (25 x 25 cms) in culture composed of sand, peat-moss and fermented organic fertilizer at the rate of 1:1:1, was subjected to the following treatments: 1-With EM1 0.1% as a soil application once a week (EMS). 2-With EM1 0.1% as weekly foliar application (EMP). 3-With EM-Bokashi as a soil application at the rate of 1gm/bag monthly (EMB). 4-This includes the above mentioned three applications together, namely, (EMS), (EMP) & (EMB). 5-Control treatment without EM. 

    It is to be noted that the ordinary inorganic fertilizer is to be added to all these treatments. The results showed that treating mango seedlings with EM as (EMS) and (EMP), in addition to (EMB), surpassed the rest of the treatments with respect to the strength of seedling growth. Whereas, the average increase in seedling heights and the number of leaves was observed in the treatment No.4. Also, a clear vigor was noticed as regards the length, number and the branching of the roots as compared with other treatments and the control. This vigor in the growth of the seedlings treated with EM1 might be attributed to the increased sources of nutrients available of EM1 Bokashi, plus the increased up-take capability of the root system on absorbing the available elements. 

    EM1 was also experimented on the grape- cuttings planted in plastic bags in a culture made of sand, peat-moss and organic fertilizers at the rate of 1:1:1, in the nursery. The results assure that EM1 plus Bokashi Organic Fertilizer have a significant effective impact on the success of grape-cuttings, concerning the growth speed and strength of the seedling. 

    Keyword: EM, Effective Micro-organisms, Banana, Mango, Grapes, Egypt
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